Name:______________
Chapter 7 Study Guide DUE THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7
Vocab: All vocab words in Chapter 7. You have three choices. List and define each vocab term, make a set of flash cards, or use your Quizlet account to complete Learn mode twice and two game/test modes of your choice (can be the same mode twice) using the Chapter 7 Vocabulary set.
I completed Learn mode twice and also the following games on Quizlet: _________________. My Quizlet username is:______________________. I wrote out each word or made a set of flashcards. Mrs. Murphy has seen them as evidenced by her signature here ____________.
Complete these questions on your own sheet of paper. Some answers are in notes, some are in the book, and some will require inference. If you can answer these questions and have a good understanding of every section of Chapter 7, you are prepared for the test. 
•	A microscope has an objective that magnifies 10x, and three objectives that magnify 10x 50x and 100x. What are the three possible magnifications of the microscope?
	100, 500, 1000x
•	What are the three tenets of cell theory?
Cells come from preexisting cells.
Cells are the basic/smallest unit that is considered alive.
All living things are made of cells.
•	How did the invention of the microscope change how scientists studied living organisms?
The invention of the microscope allowed scientists to see  cells. As the microscope improved, so did science's understanding of cells and the cell theory. 
•	What are the different types of microscopes discussed in your book?
Compount light microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Scanning Tunneling Electron Microscope
•	Draw a Venn Diagram that compares and contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Draw rough a sketch of each cell type.
Eukaryotic					Both				Prokaryotic
membrane bound organelles		          flagella                no membrane bound organelles
DNA in nucleus

			
•	How does the endosymbiont theory explain the existence of eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are much more complex than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells evolved when a prokaryotic cell entered another prokaryotic cell without being digested and began to live inside the cell as a cell within a cell. 
•	Draw a picture of a cell membrane. Label the following: a phospholipid, the phospholipid bi-layer, transport proteins, cholesterol molecules.

•	Why are the terms “fluid mosaic model” and “proteins in a sea of fat” appropriate to describe the plasma membrane? 
The plasma membrane is comprised of phospholipids (fats) that move fluidly. Within this fluid "sea of fat" there are proteins that aide in cellular transport. Hence, there are proteins floating in the "sea of fat". 
•	What do cholesterol molecules do for the plasma membrane? 
Cholesterol molecules help the membrane keep its flexibility and strength. 
•	Why are the phospholipids in the phospholipid bilayer arranged the way they are? 
The polar heads move toward water while the non-polar tails move toward eachother to avoid contact with water.
•	Which cell organelles are found in animal cells but not plant cells?
Centrioles. Flagella and small, temporary vacuoles are uncommon in plant cells and common in animal cells.
•	Which organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, permanent large central vacuole.
•	List the function of the following organelles in your own words:  cell wall, centrioles, chloroplasts, cilia, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondrion, nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosome, and vacuole.
Cell wall: protection 
 centrioles: structure and transport (used in mitosis/meiosis)
chloroplasts: convert energy from the sun into glucose
cilia: mostly for motion of the cell or to move liquids etc over the surface of the cell
cytoskeleton: support and structure
Rough ER: Protein synthesis, transport of proteins in vesicles
Smooth ER: Creates and stores lipids
Golgi: packages molecules to leave cell, combines small molecules to make more complex molecules
lysosome: digestion
mitochondrion: ATP production
nucleus: stores DNA instructions for making new proteins etc.
plasma membrane: controls what enters and exit the cell
ribosome: protein production
vacuole: storage
•	What are the two main types of cellular transport? 
Active and Passive
•	Which type of cellular transport requires the use of energy? Why?
Active Transport requires energy to move molecules that are too large or charged to cross the plasma membrane independently.
•	Tell which major type of cellular transport each of the following transport methods fits into: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, Sodium/Potassium ATPase  Pump, osmosis. 
Passive: Facilitated diffusion, diffusion, osmosis
Active: Sodium Potassium ATPase pump
•	A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What would you expect to happen to the cell after half an hour? Why?
I would expect the cell to increase in size. The solution outside the cell has a hgiher concentration of water than inside  the cell. Water will move along the concentration gradient to the inside of the cell. This will cause the cell to increase in size, possibly lysing. 
•	Draw a before and after picture of an animal cell that has been placed in a hypertonic solution. 
This pic kind of covers all the solution types.

•	What factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Temperature and steepness of concentration gradient (there are more, but we focused on these)
•	Label the following cells. Some labels will be used twice, some once. 
Vacuole		Cell Membrane		Cell Wall		Cytoplasm
Lysosome	Rough ER		Smooth ER		Nucleus
Nucleolus	Ribosomes		Nuclear Membrane	Chloroplast
Mitochondrion 	Centrosome